使用Lua配置Neovim

发表于 更新于

2023年06月16日星期五晴北京市北京师范大学, 为了更好的编程和写Hexo日志，决定重新配置一下我的Neovim 。 之前由于课程紧张所以直接使用了vim的配置文件和插件，但是后来发现科技在进步，软件在升级，而Neovim 也越来越好用。于是决定使用其更加统一的接口来配置好我的Neovim, 同时本博客会逐步更新教程，力求达到让读都跟着一步一步的操作就可以完成操作。

限于时间关系，在本文的初步形态，借用一些网上的现成的文章，之后会逐步完善。近三天主要参考的网站分别为

  1. 菜鸟教程|Lua教程

  2. 从零开始配置vim(导读)

  3. 你需要知道的使用 lua 配置 neovim 的一切

  4. Snippets in Visual Studio Code

  5. Neovim主题

  6. NeoVim Builtin LSP的基本配置

  7. 行云流水般的NeoVim Builtin LSP操作

  8. Neovim|Diagnostics

  9. Neovim|Main

首先需要说明的是，在进行针对 Neovim 的配置前需要先阅读一下 lua 语言，如果读者具备一定语言基础的话，那读菜鸟教程就很容易了。同时，在阅读网络教程时，不要拿过来就运行原作者的设置，因为你若不知道作者给出的代码的具体作用，那有可能会带来麻烦，同时也有可能原作者所设置的使用习惯并不一定适用你，所以为了安全和个人使用习惯请理解作者意图后再自行配置系统。

目录树

考虑到目前 Neovim 并不是百分之百的使用 Lua 实现各种功能的插件，所以有时候就不可避免的使用原 vim 的插件，这样为了保持兼容性，我采用了这样的目录树：

  1. Neovim 的配置目录为：~/.config/nvim/

  2. 在配置目录下，建立配置文件入口，使用~/.config/nvim/init.vim 而不是像网上的教程一样使用init.lua,因为这样设置可以最大程度的保证插件的兼容性。文件如下

~/.config/nvim/init.vim
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"set runtimepath^=~/.vim runtimepath+=~/.vim/after
"let &packpath = &runtimepath
"source ~/.vimrc
"let g:loaded_ruby_provider = 0
" neovim 基础设置
lua require('lsp/base')
" Packer 插件管理
lua require('plg/plugins')
lua require('lsp/setup')
lua require('plg/cmp')
"lua require('plugin-config/lspsaga')
" 启用tokyonight主题
lua vim.cmd[[colorscheme tokyonight]]
lua require('plg/tokyonight')
lua require'lspconfig'.pyright.setup{}
"
" set for vim-vsnip cite from README
" NOTE: You can use other key to expand snippet.

" Expand
imap <expr> <C-j>   vsnip#expandable()  ? '<Plug>(vsnip-expand)'         : '<C-j>'
smap <expr> <C-j>   vsnip#expandable()  ? '<Plug>(vsnip-expand)'         : '<C-j>'

" Expand or jump
imap <expr> <C-l>   vsnip#available(1)  ? '<Plug>(vsnip-expand-or-jump)' : '<C-l>'
smap <expr> <C-l>   vsnip#available(1)  ? '<Plug>(vsnip-expand-or-jump)' : '<C-l>'

" Jump forward or backward
imap <expr> <Tab>   vsnip#jumpable(1)   ? '<Plug>(vsnip-jump-next)'      : '<Tab>'
smap <expr> <Tab>   vsnip#jumpable(1)   ? '<Plug>(vsnip-jump-next)'      : '<Tab>'
imap <expr> <S-Tab> vsnip#jumpable(-1)  ? '<Plug>(vsnip-jump-prev)'      : '<S-Tab>'
smap <expr> <S-Tab> vsnip#jumpable(-1)  ? '<Plug>(vsnip-jump-prev)'      : '<S-Tab>'

" Select or cut text to use as $TM_SELECTED_TEXT in the next snippet.
" See https://github.com/hrsh7th/vim-vsnip/pull/50
nmap        s   <Plug>(vsnip-select-text)
xmap        s   <Plug>(vsnip-select-text)
nmap        S   <Plug>(vsnip-cut-text)
xmap        S   <Plug>(vsnip-cut-text)

" If you want to use snippet for multiple filetypes, you can `g:vsnip_filetypes` for it.
let g:vsnip_filetypes = {}
let g:vsnip_filetypes.javascriptreact = ['javascript']
let g:vsnip_filetypes.typescriptreact = ['typescript']
  1. 在~/.config/nvim/下建立目录lua,同时在lua下建立两个目录lsp和plg，其中前者用来存放和language service相关的lua配置文件，后者用来存放和插件plugin相关的文件。
~/.config/nvim/plg/plugins.lua
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return require('packer').startup(function()
	-- Packer can manage itself
	use 'wbthomason/packer.nvim'
	-- Lspconfig & maso & mason-lspconfig
	use {
		"neovim/nvim-lspconfig",
		"williamboman/mason.nvim",
		"williamboman/mason-lspconfig.nvim",
	}
        -- 添加latex插件vimtex
	--use {'lervag/vimtex'}
    use {'mhinz/neovim-remote'}
        -- 添加neovim主题tokyonight
	use {'https://gitee.com/rux_plugin/tokyonight.nvim'}
--	-- nvim-cmp
 	use 'https://gitee.com/nvim-plugin/cmp-nvim-lsp' -- { name = nvim_lsp }
 	use 'https://gitee.com/nvim-plugin/cmp-buffer'   -- { name = 'buffer' },
 	use 'https://gitee.com/uomer/cmp-path'     -- { name = 'path' }
 	use 'https://gitee.com/cangmj/cmp-cmdline'  -- { name = 'cmdline' }
 	use 'https://gitee.com/uomer/nvim-cmp'
 	-- vsnip
 	use 'https://gitee.com/dw8603/cmp-vsnip'    -- { name = 'vsnip' }
 	use 'https://gitee.com/dw8603/vim-vsnip'
 	use 'https://gitee.com/giteeguangwei/friendly-snippets'
 	-- lspkind
 	use 'https://gitee.com/william135/lspkind.nvim'
    -- lsp UI美化
    use{'https://gitee.com/william135/lspsaga.nvim'}
    -- 借用了vim插件，因为二者是兼容的，速度上vim-latex更快
    use{'https://gitee.com/fengzhenhua/vim-latex'}
    -- 自动插入模板
    use{'https://gitee.com/fengzhenhua/vim-template'}
    -- 旧式片段插入程序
    use{'https://gitee.com/fengzhenhua/ultisnips'}
    use{'https://gitee.com/fengzhenhua/vim-snippets'}
end)
~/.config/nvim/plg/cmp.lua
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local cmp = require("cmp")
local lspkind = require("lspkind")
cmp.setup({
    -- 设置代码片段引擎，用于根据代码片段补全
    snippet = {
        expand = function(args)
            -- For `vsnip` users.
            vim.fn["vsnip#anonymous"](args.body)

            -- For `luasnip` users.
            -- require('luasnip').lsp_expand(args.body)

            -- For `ultisnips` users.
            --vim.fn["UltiSnips#Anon"](args.body)

            -- For `snippy` users.
            -- require'snippy'.expand_snippet(args.body)
        end,
    },

    window = {
    },

    mapping = {
        -- 选择上一个
        ['<C-p>'] = cmp.mapping.select_prev_item(),
        -- 选择下一个
        ['<C-n>'] = cmp.mapping.select_next_item(),
        -- 出现补全
        ['<A-.>'] = cmp.mapping(cmp.mapping.complete(), {'i', 'c'}),
        -- 取消补全
        ['<A-,>'] = cmp.mapping({
            i = cmp.mapping.abort(),
            c = cmp.mapping.close(),
        }),

        -- 确认使用某个补全项
        ['<CR>'] = cmp.mapping.confirm({
            select = true,
            behavior = cmp.ConfirmBehavior.Replace
        }),

        -- 向上翻页
        ['<C-u>'] = cmp.mapping(cmp.mapping.scroll_docs(-4), {'i', 'c'}),
        -- 向下翻页
        ['<C-d>'] = cmp.mapping(cmp.mapping.scroll_docs(4), {'i', 'c'}),
    },

    -- 补全来源
    sources = cmp.config.sources({
        {name = 'nvim_lsp'},
        {name = 'vsnip'},
        {name = 'buffer'},
        {name = 'path'}
    }),

    --根据文件类型来选择补全来源
    cmp.setup.filetype('gitcommit', {
        sources = cmp.config.sources({
            {name = 'nvim_lsp'},
            {name = 'vsnip'},
            {name = 'buffer'}
        })
    }),

    -- 命令模式下输入 `/` 启用补全
    cmp.setup.cmdline('/', {
        mapping = cmp.mapping.preset.cmdline(),
        sources = {
            { name = 'buffer' }
        }
    }),

    -- 命令模式下输入 `:` 启用补全
    cmp.setup.cmdline(':', {
        mapping = cmp.mapping.preset.cmdline(),
        sources = cmp.config.sources({
            { name = 'path' }
        }, {
                { name = 'cmdline' }
            })
    }),

    -- 设置补全显示的格式
    formatting = {
        format = lspkind.cmp_format({
            with_text = true,
            maxwidth = 50,
            before = function(entry, vim_item)
                vim_item.menu = "[" .. string.upper(entry.source.name) .. "]"
                return vim_item
            end
        }),
    },
})
~/.config/nvim/lua/plg/lspsaga.lua
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local saga = require('lspsaga')
saga.init_lsp_saga()
lsp_keybinds.set_keymap = function (bufnr)
    print("set lsp keymap")
    -- 跳转到声明
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_keymap(bufnr, "n", "gd", "<cmd>Lspsaga peek_definition<CR>", {silent = true, noremap = true})
    -- 跳转到定义
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_keymap(bufnr, "n", "gD", "<cmd>lua vim.lsp.buf.definition()<CR>", {silent = true, noremap = true})
    -- 显示注释文档
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_keymap(bufnr, "n", "gh", "<cmd>Lspsaga lsp_finder<CR>", {silent = true, noremap = true})
    -- 跳转到实现
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_keymap(bufnr, "n", "gi", "<cmd>lua vim.lsp.buf.implementation()<CR>", {silent = true, noremap = true})
    -- 跳转到引用位置
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_keymap(bufnr, "n", "gr", "<cmd>Lspsaga rename<CR>", {silent = true, noremap = true})
    -- 以浮窗形式显示错误
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_keymap(bufnr, "n", "go", "<cmd>lua vim.diagnostic.open_float()<CR>", {silent = true, noremap = true})
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_keymap(bufnr, "n", "gp", "<cmd>lua vim.diagnostic.goto_prev()<CR>", {silent = true, noremap = true})
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_keymap(bufnr, "n", "gn", "<cmd>lua vim.diagnostic.goto_next()<CR>", {silent = true, noremap = true})
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_keymap(bufnr, "n", "<leader>cd", "<cmd>Lspsaga show_cursor_diagnostics<CR>", {silent = true, noremap = true})
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_keymap(bufnr, "n", "<leader>cd", "<cmd>Lspsaga show_line_diagnostics<CR>", {silent = true, noremap = true})
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_keymap(bufnr, "n", "<leader>ca", "<cmd>Lspsaga code_action<CR>", {silent = true, noremap = true})
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_keymap(bufnr, "v", "<leader>ca", "<cmd>Lspsaga code_action<CR>", {silent = true, noremap = true})
end
~/.config/nvim/lua/plg/tokyonight.lua
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-- 配置主题颜色模式为 
vim.g.tokyonight_style = "storm"
-- 允许neovim中的终端使用该主题配色 
vim.g.tokyonight_terminal_colors = true
-- 注释使用斜体 
vim.g.tokyonight_italic_comments = true
~/.config/nvim/lua/lsp/setup.lua
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-- :h mason-default-settings
-- ~/.local/share/nvim/mason
--
local servers = {
	lua_ls = require "lsp.lua", -- /lua/lsp/lua.lua
	ltex = require "lsp.ltex", -- /lua/lsp/ltex.lua
}

require("mason").setup({
	ui = {
		icons = {
			package_installed = "✓",
			package_pending = "➜",
			package_uninstalled = "✗"
		}
	}
})

-- 添加安装的插件,使用Mason命令查询插件名称
require("mason-lspconfig").setup {
	ensure_installed = {
		"lua_ls",
		"rust_analyzer",
		"ltex",
        "pyright",
        "vimls"
	},
}


local lspconfig = require('lspconfig')

require("mason-lspconfig").setup_handlers({
	function (server_name)
		require("lspconfig")[server_name].setup{}
	end,
	-- Next, you can provide targeted overrides for specific servers.
	-- set lua_ls
	["lua_ls"] = function ()
		lspconfig.lua_ls.setup {
			settings = {
				Lua = {
					diagnostics = {
						globals = { "vim" }
					}
				}
			}
		}
	end,
	-- set clangd
	["clangd"] = function ()
		lspconfig.clangd.setup {
			cmd = {
				"clangd",
				"--header-insertion=never",
				"--query-driver=/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/clang",
				"--all-scopes-completion",
				"--completion-style=detailed",
			}
		}
	end
})

~/.config/nvim/lua/lsp/base.lua
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-- 设置文件编码格式为 utf-8
vim.g.encoding = "utf-8"
-- 设置终端编码格式为 utf-8
vim.o.termencoding = "utf-8"
-- 开启语法高亮
vim.o.syntax = "enable"
-- 显示相对行号
vim.o.relativenumber = true
-- 显示行号
vim.o.number = true
-- 高亮所在行
vim.o.cursorline = true
-- 自动换行
vim.o.wrap = true
-- 显示光标位置
vim.o.ruler = true
-- 边输入边搜索
vim.o.incsearch = true
-- 开启搜索匹配高亮
vim.o.hlsearch = true
-- 搜索时自行判断是否需要忽略大小写
vim.o.smartcase = true

-- tab键转换为 4 个空格
vim.o.tabstop = 4
vim.o.softtabstop = 4
vim.o.shiftwidth = 4
-- 新行对齐当前行，tab转换为空格
vim.o.expandtab = true
vim.bo.expandtab = true
vim.o.autoindent = true
vim.bo.autoindent = true
vim.o.smartindent = true

-- << >> 缩进时移动的长度
vim.o.shiftwidth = 4
vim.bo.shiftwidth = 4

-- 使用jk移动光标时，上下方保留8行
vim.o.scrolloff = 8
vim.o.sidescrolloff = 8

-- 设置自动折叠
vim.o.smartindent = true
-- 历史命令最多保存1000条
vim.o.history = 1000
-- 显示空白字符
vim.o.list = true
-- 样式
vim.o.background = "dark"
vim.o.termguicolors = true
vim.opt.termguicolors = true
~/.config/nvim/lua/lsp/lua.lua
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local runtime_path = vim.split(package.path, ';')
table.insert(runtime_path, "lua/?.lua")
table.insert(runtime_path, "lua/?/init.lua")
return {
  settings = {
    Lua = {
      runtime = {
        -- Tell the language server which version of Lua you're using (most likely LuaJIT in the case of Neovim)
        version = 'LuaJIT',
        -- Setup your lua path
        path = runtime_path,
      },
      diagnostics = {
        -- Get the language server to recognize the `vim` global
        globals = {'vim'},
      },
      workspace = {
        -- Make the server aware of Neovim runtime files
        library = vim.api.nvim_get_runtime_file("", true),
      },
      -- Do not send telemetry data containing a randomized but unique identifier
      telemetry = {
        enable = false
      },
    },
  },
}
~/.config/nvim/lua/lsp/lua.lua
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local util = require 'lspconfig.util'

local language_id_mapping = {
  bib = 'bibtex',
  plaintex = 'tex',
  rnoweb = 'sweave',
  rst = 'restructuredtext',
  tex = 'latex',
  xhtml = 'xhtml',
  pandoc = 'markdown',
}

local bin_name = 'ltex-ls'
if vim.fn.has 'win32' == 1 then
  bin_name = bin_name .. '.bat'
end

return {
  default_config = {
    cmd = { bin_name },
    filetypes = { 'bib', 'gitcommit', 'markdown', 'org', 'plaintex', 'rst', 'rnoweb', 'tex', 'pandoc' },
    root_dir = util.find_git_ancestor,
    single_file_support = true,
    get_language_id = function(_, filetype)
      local language_id = language_id_mapping[filetype]
      if language_id then
        return language_id
      else
        return filetype
      end
    end,
  },
  docs = {
    description = [=[
https://github.com/valentjn/ltex-ls

LTeX Language Server: LSP language server for LanguageTool 🔍✔️ with support for LaTeX 🎓, Markdown 📝, and others

To install, download the latest [release](https://github.com/valentjn/ltex-ls/releases) and ensure `ltex-ls` is on your path.

This server accepts configuration via the `settings` key.

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settings = {
	ltex = {
		language = "en-GB",
	},
},


To support org files or R sweave, users can define a custom filetype autocommand (or use a plugin which defines these filetypes):

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vim.cmd [[ autocmd BufRead,BufNewFile *.org set filetype=org ]]

]=],
  },
}
~/.config/nvim/lua/lsp/python.lua
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local lsp_set_keymap = require("keybindings")
local util = require 'lspconfig/util'

require('lspconfig').pyright.setup{
    on_attach = function(_, bufnr)
        lsp_set_keymap.set_keymap(bufnr)
    end,
    cmd = { "pyright-langserver", "--stdio" },
    filetypes = { "python" },
    settings = {
        python = {
            analysis = {
                autoSearchPaths = true,
                diagnosticMode = "workspace",
                useLibraryCodeForTypes = true,
                typeCheckingMode = "off"
            },
        },
    },
    root_dir = function(fname)
        local root_files = {
            'pyproject.toml',
            'setup.py',
            'setup.cfg',
            'requirements.txt',
            'Pipfile',
            'pyrightconfig.json',
        }
        return util.root_pattern(unpack(root_files))(fname) or util.find_git_ancestor(fname) or util.path.dirname(fname)
    end,
}
~/.config/nvim/lua/lsp/keybindings.lua
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local pluginKeys = {}

-- lsp 回调函数快捷键设置
pluginKeys.maplsp = function(mapbuf)
  -- rename
  mapbuf('n', '<leader>rn', '<cmd>lua vim.lsp.buf.rename()<CR>', opt)
  -- code action
  mapbuf('n', '<space>ca', '<cmd>lua vim.lsp.buf.code_action()<CR>', opt)
  -- go xx
  mapbuf('n', 'gd', '<cmd>lua vim.lsp.buf.definition()<CR>', opt)
  mapbuf('n', 'gh', '<cmd>lua vim.lsp.buf.hover()<CR>', opt)
  mapbuf('n', 'gD', '<cmd>lua vim.lsp.buf.declaration()<CR>', opt)
  mapbuf('n', 'gi', '<cmd>lua vim.lsp.buf.implementation()<CR>', opt)
  mapbuf('n', 'gr', '<cmd>lua vim.lsp.buf.references()<CR>', opt)
  -- diagnostic
  mapbuf('n', 'go', '<cmd>lua vim.diagnostic.open_float()<CR>', opt)
  mapbuf('n', 'gp', '<cmd>lua vim.diagnostic.goto_prev()<CR>', opt)
  mapbuf('n', 'gn', '<cmd>lua vim.diagnostic.goto_next()<CR>', opt)
  -- mapbuf('n', '<leader>q', '<cmd>lua vim.diagnostic.setloclist()<CR>', opt)
  -- leader + =
  mapbuf('n', '<leader>=', '<cmd>lua vim.lsp.buf.formatting()<CR>', opt)
  -- mapbuf('n', '<C-k>', '<cmd>lua vim.lsp.buf.signature_help()<CR>', opt)
  -- mapbuf('n', '<space>wa', '<cmd>lua vim.lsp.buf.add_workspace_folder()<CR>', opt)
  -- mapbuf('n', '<space>wr', '<cmd>lua vim.lsp.buf.remove_workspace_folder()<CR>', opt)
  -- mapbuf('n', '<space>wl', '<cmd>lua print(vim.inspect(vim.lsp.buf.list_workspace_folders()))<CR>', opt)
  -- mapbuf('n', '<space>D', '<cmd>lua vim.lsp.buf.type_definition()<CR>', opt)
end

return pluginKeys
  1. 下面是我本人针对通用文件和Markdown文件编写的代码片段，前者是一些通用命令，后者是在写博客时针对Next主题设置的特定模块。
~/.vsnip/global.json
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{
    "date": {
        "prefix": "date",
        "body": [
         "${VIM:system('date')}"
        ]
    },
    "weather": {
        "prefix": "weather",
        "body": [
         "${VIM:system('weather')}"
        ]
    },
    "uuid": {
        "prefix": "uuid",
        "body": [
         "${VIM:system('python -c \"import uuid, sys;sys.stdout.write(str(uuid.uuid4()))\"')}"
        ]
    },
    "filename": {
        "prefix": ["fname"],
        "body": "$TM_FILENAME_BASE"
    }
}
~/.vsnip/markdown.json
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{
    "code": {
        "prefix": ["code"],
        "body": [
            "{% code <+title+> lang:${1|bash,python,lua,perl,yaml,ruby|} %}",
            "<+code+>",
            "{% endcode %}"
        ],
        "description": "Next theme environment for Hexo"
    },
    "codeblock": {
        "prefix": ["codeblock"],
        "body": [
            "{% codeblock <+title+> lang:${1|bash,python,lua,perl,yaml,ruby|} %}",
            "<+code+>",
            "{% endcodeblock %}"
        ],
        "description": "Next theme environment for Hexo"
    },
    "```": {
        "prefix": ["```"],
        "body": [
            "```${1|bash,python,lua,perl,yaml,ruby|} <+title+> ",
            "<+code+>",
            "```"
        ],
        "description": "Next theme environment for Hexo"
    },
    "note": {
        "prefix": ["note"],
        "body": [
            "{% note ${1|default,primary,success,info,warning,danger|} %}",
            "<++>",
            "{% endnote %}"
        ],
        "description": "Next theme environment for Hexo"
    },
    "tabs": {
        "prefix": ["tabs"],
        "body": [
            "{% tabs ${1:<+UniqueName+>} %}",
            "<!-- tab ${2:<+tabcaption+>} -->",
            "<++>",
            "<!-- endtab -->",
            "<++>",
            "{% endtabs %}"
        ],
        "description": "Next theme environment for Hexo"
    },
    "tab": {
        "prefix": ["tab"],
        "body": [
            "<!-- tab ${2:<+tabcaption+>} -->",
            "<++>",
            "<!-- endtab -->"
        ],
        "description": "Next theme environment for Hexo"
    },

    "label": {
        "prefix": ["label"],
        "body": [
            "{% label ${1|default,primary,success,info,warning,danger|}@${2:<+content+>} %}"
        ],
        "description": "Next theme environment for Hexo"
    },

    "centerquote": {
        "prefix": ["centerquote"],
        "body": [
            "{% centerquote %}",
            "${1:<+content+>}",
            "{% endcenterquote %}"
        ],
        "description": "Next theme environment for Hexo"
    },

    "video": {
        "prefix": ["video"],
        "body": [
            "{% video ${1|<+/path/to/your/video.mp4+>,https://<+example.com/sample.mp4+>|}%}"
        ],
        "description": "Next theme environment for Hexo"
    },

    "pdf": {
        "prefix": ["pdf"],
        "body": [
            "{% pdf ${1|<+/path/to/your/video.pdf+>,https://<+example.com/sample.pdf+>|}%}"
        ],
        "description": "Next theme environment for Hexo"
    },

    "grouppicture": {
        "prefix": ["grouppicture"],
        "body": [
            "{% grouppicture ${1:<+number+>}-${2:<+layout+>} %}",
            "![${3:<+picturetitle+>}](${4:<+picture+>})",
            "{% endgroudpicture %}"
        ],
        "description": "Next theme environment for Hexo"
    }
}